Initial commit: Hugo site with Caddy infra and deploy tooling

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Hugo build output
+site/public/
+site/resources/
+site/.hugo_build.lock
+
+# Claude Code
+.claude/
+
+# Environment
+.env
+
+# OS
+.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db
+
+# Editor
+.vscode/
+.idea/
+*.swp
+*.swo

CLAUDE.md

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+# Monotrope
+
+Personal blog and server infrastructure for monotrope.au.
+
+## Project Structure
+
+```
+monotrope/
+  site/           # Hugo site (content, templates, config)
+  infra/          # Server setup scripts and config files
+  deploy.sh       # Build + rsync to production
+  Makefile        # Common tasks
+```
+
+## Tech Stack
+
+- **Static site generator:** Hugo
+- **Web server:** Caddy (automatic HTTPS via Let's Encrypt)
+- **Hosting:** DigitalOcean droplet (Sydney region, Ubuntu 24.04 LTS)
+- **Deployment:** `hugo build` then `rsync` to server
+- **Future services:** Docker Compose for anything beyond the blog
+
+## Setup Tasks
+
+### 1. Initialise the repo
+
+- Create the directory structure above
+- `git init` with a sensible `.gitignore` (Hugo output dir `public/`, `.env`, etc.)
+- Initialise a new Hugo site inside `site/`
+- Use a minimal theme or no theme — we'll build templates from scratch later
+- Hugo config should set `baseURL = "https://monotrope.au"`
+
+### 2. Create a minimal Hugo site
+
+- A single layout (`layouts/_default/baseof.html`, `single.html`, `list.html`)
+- Minimal, clean CSS — no framework. Readable prose typography, dark mode support via `prefers-color-scheme`
+- A sample first post in `site/content/posts/` so we can test the build
+- RSS feed enabled (Hugo does this by default)
+- No JavaScript unless strictly necessary
+
+### 3. Server provisioning script
+
+Create `infra/setup.sh` — a bash script intended to be run once on a fresh Ubuntu 24.04 droplet via SSH. It should:
+
+- Update packages
+- Install Caddy via the official apt repo
+- Create a `www` user with no login shell to own the site files
+- Create `/var/www/monotrope` owned by `www`
+- Install a Caddyfile at `/etc/caddy/Caddyfile` that:
+  - Serves `monotrope.au` from `/var/www/monotrope`
+  - Enables gzip/zstd compression
+  - Sets sensible cache headers for static assets
+  - Handles `www.monotrope.au` redirect to apex
+- Enable and start the Caddy service
+- Set up UFW: allow SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, deny everything else
+- Install Docker and Docker Compose (for future use, not needed yet)
+- Create a deploy user with SSH key auth and permission to write to `/var/www/monotrope`
+
+Also create `infra/Caddyfile` as a standalone config file that the setup script copies into place.
+
+### 4. Deploy script
+
+Create `deploy.sh` at the repo root:
+
+- Run `hugo --minify` in `site/`
+- `rsync -avz --delete site/public/ deploy@<DROPLET_IP>:/var/www/monotrope/`
+- Print the URL on success
+
+The droplet IP should come from an environment variable `MONOTROPE_HOST` or a `.env` file (not committed).
+
+### 5. Makefile
+
+Targets:
+- `make build` — build the site locally
+- `make serve` — `hugo server` for local dev with live reload
+- `make deploy` — run `deploy.sh`
+- `make ssh` — SSH into the droplet as the deploy user
+- `make setup` — run the provisioning script on a fresh droplet
+
+## Conventions
+
+- All shell scripts should use `set -euo pipefail`
+- Prefer clarity over cleverness in all scripts
+- No unnecessary dependencies — this should stay simple
+- Australian English in all content and comments
+- Markdown content lives in `site/content/`; one subdirectory per content type (e.g. `posts/`, `pages/`)
+
+## DNS
+
+The user will configure DNS separately via their registrar. The server expects:
+- `monotrope.au` → droplet IP (A record)
+- `www.monotrope.au` → droplet IP (A record)
+
+Caddy will handle certificate provisioning automatically once DNS is pointed.
+
+## What This Is Not
+
+- No CI/CD pipeline — deploy is manual via `make deploy`
+- No containerisation of the blog itself — it's static files
+- No database
+- No analytics (for now)
+- No comments system (for now)

Makefile

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+.PHONY: build serve deploy ssh setup
+
+# Load .env if it exists
+-include .env
+export
+
+DEPLOY_USER := deploy
+MONOTROPE_HOST ?=
+
+build:
+	cd site && hugo --minify
+
+serve:
+	cd site && hugo server --buildDrafts --disableFastRender
+
+deploy:
+	@test -n "$(MONOTROPE_HOST)" || (echo "Error: MONOTROPE_HOST is not set"; exit 1)
+	bash deploy.sh
+
+ssh:
+	@test -n "$(MONOTROPE_HOST)" || (echo "Error: MONOTROPE_HOST is not set"; exit 1)
+	ssh $(DEPLOY_USER)@$(MONOTROPE_HOST)
+
+setup:
+	@test -n "$(MONOTROPE_HOST)" || (echo "Error: MONOTROPE_HOST is not set"; exit 1)
+	ansible-playbook -i "$(MONOTROPE_HOST)," -u root infra/ansible/playbook.yml

deploy.sh

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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# deploy.sh — Build and deploy monotrope.au to the production droplet
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+
+# Load .env if present
+if [[ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/.env" ]]; then
+  # shellcheck disable=SC1091
+  source "$SCRIPT_DIR/.env"
+fi
+
+MONOTROPE_HOST="${MONOTROPE_HOST:-}"
+DEPLOY_USER="deploy"
+REMOTE_DIR="/var/www/monotrope"
+
+if [[ -z "$MONOTROPE_HOST" ]]; then
+  echo "Error: MONOTROPE_HOST is not set."
+  echo "Set it in your environment or in a .env file at the repo root."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "==> Building site"
+cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/site"
+hugo --minify
+
+echo "==> Deploying to ${DEPLOY_USER}@${MONOTROPE_HOST}:${REMOTE_DIR}"
+rsync -avz --delete "$SCRIPT_DIR/site/public/" \
+  "${DEPLOY_USER}@${MONOTROPE_HOST}:${REMOTE_DIR}/"
+
+echo ""
+echo "==> Done. Live at https://monotrope.au"

infra/Caddyfile

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+monotrope.au {
+	root * /var/www/monotrope
+	file_server
+
+	# Compression
+	encode zstd gzip
+
+	# Cache headers for static assets
+	@static {
+		path *.css *.js *.ico *.gif *.jpg *.jpeg *.png *.webp *.svg *.woff *.woff2 *.ttf *.eot
+	}
+	header @static Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable"
+
+	# HTML and RSS — revalidate each time
+	@html {
+		path *.html / /posts/ /posts/*
+	}
+	header @html Cache-Control "public, max-age=0, must-revalidate"
+}
+
+# Redirect www to apex
+www.monotrope.au {
+	redir https://monotrope.au{uri} permanent
+}

infra/ansible/playbook.yml

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+---
+- name: Provision monotrope.au server
+  hosts: all
+  become: true
+
+  vars:
+    site_dir: /var/www/monotrope
+    deploy_user: deploy
+    deploy_pubkey: "{{ lookup('file', lookup('env', 'HOME') + '/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub') }}"
+
+  tasks:
+
+    # ── System ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    - name: Update apt cache and upgrade packages
+      apt:
+        update_cache: true
+        upgrade: dist
+        cache_valid_time: 3600
+
+    - name: Install common dependencies
+      apt:
+        name:
+          - debian-keyring
+          - debian-archive-keyring
+          - apt-transport-https
+          - curl
+          - ufw
+        state: present
+
+    # ── Caddy ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    - name: Add Caddy GPG key
+      shell: |
+        curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/caddy/stable/gpg.key' \
+          | gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/caddy-stable-archive-keyring.gpg
+      args:
+        creates: /usr/share/keyrings/caddy-stable-archive-keyring.gpg
+
+    - name: Add Caddy apt repository
+      shell: |
+        curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/caddy/stable/debian.deb.txt' \
+          | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/caddy-stable.list
+      args:
+        creates: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/caddy-stable.list
+
+    - name: Install Caddy
+      apt:
+        name: caddy
+        state: present
+        update_cache: true
+
+    - name: Install Caddyfile
+      copy:
+        src: ../Caddyfile
+        dest: /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+        owner: root
+        group: caddy
+        mode: '0640'
+      notify: Restart Caddy
+
+    - name: Enable and start Caddy
+      systemd:
+        name: caddy
+        enabled: true
+        state: started
+
+    # ── Site directory ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    - name: Create www system user
+      user:
+        name: www
+        system: true
+        create_home: false
+        shell: /usr/sbin/nologin
+        state: present
+
+    # ── UFW ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    - name: Set UFW default incoming policy to deny
+      ufw:
+        default: deny
+        direction: incoming
+
+    - name: Set UFW default outgoing policy to allow
+      ufw:
+        default: allow
+        direction: outgoing
+
+    - name: Allow SSH
+      ufw:
+        rule: allow
+        name: OpenSSH
+
+    - name: Allow HTTP
+      ufw:
+        rule: allow
+        port: '80'
+        proto: tcp
+
+    - name: Allow HTTPS
+      ufw:
+        rule: allow
+        port: '443'
+        proto: tcp
+
+    - name: Enable UFW
+      ufw:
+        state: enabled
+
+    # ── Docker ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    - name: Create Docker keyring directory
+      file:
+        path: /etc/apt/keyrings
+        state: directory
+        mode: '0755'
+
+    - name: Add Docker GPG key
+      shell: |
+        curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
+          | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+        chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+      args:
+        creates: /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+
+    - name: Add Docker apt repository
+      shell: |
+        echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
+          https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
+          | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
+      args:
+        creates: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
+
+    - name: Install Docker
+      apt:
+        name:
+          - docker-ce
+          - docker-ce-cli
+          - containerd.io
+          - docker-buildx-plugin
+          - docker-compose-plugin
+        state: present
+        update_cache: true
+
+    - name: Enable Docker
+      systemd:
+        name: docker
+        enabled: true
+        state: started
+
+    # ── Deploy user ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    - name: Create deploy user
+      user:
+        name: "{{ deploy_user }}"
+        create_home: true
+        shell: /bin/bash
+        state: present
+
+    - name: Set up deploy user SSH directory
+      file:
+        path: "/home/{{ deploy_user }}/.ssh"
+        state: directory
+        owner: "{{ deploy_user }}"
+        group: "{{ deploy_user }}"
+        mode: '0700'
+
+    - name: Install deploy user SSH public key
+      ansible.posix.authorized_key:
+        user: "{{ deploy_user }}"
+        key: "{{ deploy_pubkey }}"
+        state: present
+
+    - name: Create site directory
+      file:
+        path: "{{ site_dir }}"
+        state: directory
+        owner: "{{ deploy_user }}"
+        group: www
+        mode: '0775'
+
+  handlers:
+
+    - name: Restart Caddy
+      systemd:
+        name: caddy
+        state: restarted

infra/setup.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# setup.sh — Provision a fresh Ubuntu 24.04 droplet for monotrope.au
+# Run as root via: ssh root@<DROPLET_IP> 'bash -s' < infra/setup.sh
+
+DEPLOY_USER="deploy"
+SITE_DIR="/var/www/monotrope"
+DEPLOY_PUBKEY="${DEPLOY_PUBKEY:-}" # Set this env var before running, or edit below
+
+echo "==> Updating packages"
+apt-get update -y
+apt-get upgrade -y
+
+# ── Caddy ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+echo "==> Installing Caddy"
+apt-get install -y debian-keyring debian-archive-keyring apt-transport-https curl
+
+curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/caddy/stable/gpg.key' \
+  | gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/caddy-stable-archive-keyring.gpg
+
+curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/caddy/stable/debian.deb.txt' \
+  | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/caddy-stable.list
+
+apt-get update -y
+apt-get install -y caddy
+
+# ── Site directory ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+echo "==> Creating www user and site directory"
+id -u www &>/dev/null || useradd --system --no-create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin www
+mkdir -p "$SITE_DIR"
+chown www:www "$SITE_DIR"
+chmod 755 "$SITE_DIR"
+
+# ── Caddyfile ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+echo "==> Installing Caddyfile"
+cp "$(dirname "$0")/Caddyfile" /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+chown root:caddy /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+chmod 640 /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+
+systemctl enable caddy
+systemctl restart caddy
+
+# ── UFW ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+echo "==> Configuring UFW"
+apt-get install -y ufw
+ufw default deny incoming
+ufw default allow outgoing
+ufw allow ssh
+ufw allow http
+ufw allow https
+ufw --force enable
+
+# ── Docker ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+echo "==> Installing Docker"
+install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
+curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
+  | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+
+echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
+  https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
+  | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
+
+apt-get update -y
+apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
+
+systemctl enable docker
+
+# ── Deploy user ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+echo "==> Creating deploy user"
+id -u "$DEPLOY_USER" &>/dev/null || useradd --create-home --shell /bin/bash "$DEPLOY_USER"
+
+# Give deploy user write access to the site directory
+chown -R "$DEPLOY_USER":www "$SITE_DIR"
+chmod 775 "$SITE_DIR"
+
+# Set up SSH key auth
+DEPLOY_HOME="/home/$DEPLOY_USER"
+mkdir -p "$DEPLOY_HOME/.ssh"
+chmod 700 "$DEPLOY_HOME/.ssh"
+touch "$DEPLOY_HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys"
+chmod 600 "$DEPLOY_HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys"
+chown -R "$DEPLOY_USER":"$DEPLOY_USER" "$DEPLOY_HOME/.ssh"
+
+if [[ -n "$DEPLOY_PUBKEY" ]]; then
+  echo "$DEPLOY_PUBKEY" >> "$DEPLOY_HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys"
+  echo "==> Deploy public key installed"
+else
+  echo "WARNING: DEPLOY_PUBKEY not set. Add your public key to $DEPLOY_HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys manually."
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "==> Done. Checklist:"
+echo "    - Point DNS A records for monotrope.au and www.monotrope.au to this server's IP"
+echo "    - If DEPLOY_PUBKEY was not set, add your key to $DEPLOY_HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys"
+echo "    - Run 'make deploy' from your local machine to push the site"

site/content/posts/hello-world.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+title: "Hello, World"
+date: 2026-04-08
+draft: false
+---
+
+This is the first post on Monotrope. More to come.

site/hugo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+baseURL = "https://monotrope.au"
+languageCode = "en-au"
+title = "Monotrope"
+
+[markup.goldmark.renderer]
+  unsafe = false
+
+[outputs]
+  home = ["HTML", "RSS"]
+  section = ["HTML", "RSS"]
+
+[params]
+  description = "A personal blog."

site/layouts/_default/baseof.html

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en-AU">
+
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+  <title>{{ if not .IsHome }}{{ .Title }} · {{ end }}{{ .Site.Title }}</title>
+  <meta name="description" content="{{ with .Description }}{{ . }}{{ else }}{{ .Site.Params.description }}{{ end }}">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">
+  {{ range .AlternativeOutputFormats -}}
+  {{ printf `
+  <link rel="%s" type="%s" href="%s" title="%s">` .Rel .MediaType.Type .Permalink $.Site.Title | safeHTML }}
+  {{ end -}}
+</head>
+
+<body>
+  <div class="site-wrap">
+    <header class="site-header">
+      <a class="site-title" href="/">{{ .Site.Title }}</a>
+      <nav class="site-nav">
+        <a href="/posts/">Writing</a>
+      </nav>
+    </header>
+
+    <main>
+      {{ block "main" . }}{{ end }}
+    </main>
+
+    <footer class="site-footer">
+      <p>&copy; {{ now.Year }} Monotrope. Built with <a href="https://gohugo.io">Hugo</a>.</p>
+    </footer>
+  </div>
+</body>
+
+</html>

site/layouts/_default/list.html

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{{ define "main" }}
+<h2 class="page-heading">{{ .Title }}</h2>
+<ul class="post-list">
+  {{ range .Pages.ByDate.Reverse }}
+  <li>
+    <time datetime="{{ .Date.Format "2006-01-02" }}">{{ .Date.Format "2006-01-02" }}</time>
+    <a href="{{ .Permalink }}">{{ .Title }}</a>
+  </li>
+  {{ end }}
+</ul>
+{{ end }}

site/layouts/_default/single.html

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{{ define "main" }}
+<article>
+  <h1>{{ .Title }}</h1>
+  <p class="post-meta">
+    <time datetime="{{ .Date.Format "2006-01-02" }}">{{ .Date.Format "2 January 2006" }}</time>
+  </p>
+  {{ .Content }}
+</article>
+{{ end }}

site/layouts/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{{ define "main" }}
+<ul class="post-list">
+  {{ range (where .Site.RegularPages "Type" "posts").ByDate.Reverse }}
+  <li>
+    <time datetime="{{ .Date.Format "2006-01-02" }}">{{ .Date.Format "2006-01-02" }}</time>
+    <a href="{{ .Permalink }}">{{ .Title }}</a>
+  </li>
+  {{ end }}
+</ul>
+{{ end }}

site/static/css/main.css

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/* ── Reset & base ─────────────────────────────── */
+*, *::before, *::after {
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+}
+
+/* ── Colour tokens ────────────────────────────── */
+:root {
+  --bg:        #ffffff;
+  --fg:        #1a1a1a;
+  --muted:     #6b7280;
+  --accent:    #2563eb;
+  --border:    #e5e7eb;
+  --code-bg:   #f3f4f6;
+  --max-width: 680px;
+}
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+  :root {
+    --bg:      #111111;
+    --fg:      #e5e5e5;
+    --muted:   #9ca3af;
+    --accent:  #60a5fa;
+    --border:  #2d2d2d;
+    --code-bg: #1e1e1e;
+  }
+}
+
+/* ── Typography ───────────────────────────────── */
+html {
+  font-size: 18px;
+  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
+}
+
+body {
+  background: var(--bg);
+  color: var(--fg);
+  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
+  line-height: 1.7;
+  padding: 2rem 1.25rem;
+}
+
+/* ── Layout ───────────────────────────────────── */
+.site-wrap {
+  max-width: var(--max-width);
+  margin: 0 auto;
+}
+
+/* ── Header ───────────────────────────────────── */
+.site-header {
+  margin-bottom: 3rem;
+  padding-bottom: 1rem;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: baseline;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 0.5rem;
+}
+
+.site-title {
+  font-size: 1.1rem;
+  font-weight: bold;
+  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  color: var(--fg);
+}
+
+.site-nav a {
+  color: var(--muted);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  font-size: 0.9rem;
+  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
+  margin-left: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+.site-nav a:hover {
+  color: var(--accent);
+}
+
+/* ── Footer ───────────────────────────────────── */
+.site-footer {
+  margin-top: 4rem;
+  padding-top: 1rem;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 0.8rem;
+  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
+}
+
+/* ── Post list ────────────────────────────────── */
+.post-list {
+  list-style: none;
+}
+
+.post-list li {
+  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: baseline;
+  gap: 1rem;
+}
+
+.post-list time {
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 0.85rem;
+  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.post-list a {
+  color: var(--fg);
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+.post-list a:hover {
+  color: var(--accent);
+}
+
+/* ── Article ──────────────────────────────────── */
+article h1 {
+  font-size: 1.75rem;
+  line-height: 1.25;
+  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
+}
+
+.post-meta {
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 0.85rem;
+  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
+  margin-bottom: 2rem;
+}
+
+article h2 { font-size: 1.3rem; margin: 2rem 0 0.75rem; }
+article h3 { font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 1.75rem 0 0.5rem; }
+
+article p  { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
+
+article a {
+  color: var(--accent);
+  text-decoration: underline;
+  text-underline-offset: 2px;
+}
+
+article ul,
+article ol {
+  padding-left: 1.5rem;
+  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+article li { margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
+
+article blockquote {
+  border-left: 3px solid var(--border);
+  padding-left: 1rem;
+  color: var(--muted);
+  margin: 1.5rem 0;
+}
+
+article code {
+  background: var(--code-bg);
+  padding: 0.1em 0.35em;
+  border-radius: 3px;
+  font-size: 0.875em;
+  font-family: "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, monospace;
+}
+
+article pre {
+  background: var(--code-bg);
+  padding: 1rem;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
+}
+
+article pre code {
+  background: none;
+  padding: 0;
+}
+
+article hr {
+  border: none;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
+  margin: 2rem 0;
+}
+
+/* ── Page heading ─────────────────────────────── */
+.page-heading {
+  font-size: 1.1rem;
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
+  font-weight: normal;
+  margin-bottom: 2rem;
+}